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https://easyperf.net/blog/2019/02/09/Top-Down-performance-analysis-methodology
In this post I show more formal way to do performance analysis. It’s called Top-down Microarchitecture Analysis Method (TMAM) (Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Optimization Reference Manual, Appendix B.1). In this metodology we try to detect what was stalling our execution starting from the high-level components (like Front End, Back End, Retiring, Branch predictor) and narrowing down the source of performance inefficiencies.
It’s an iterative process with 2 steps: