https://www.tetrate.io/blog/envoy-and-istio-security-releases-june-2020/
Envoy versions can mitigate those vulnerabilities by disabling HTTP2 and allowing only HTTP/1.1 by setting http_connection_manager.codec_type to “HTTP1” and removing “h2” from common_tls_context.alpn_protocols.
For Istio:
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https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/intro/arch_overview/http/upgrades#http-upgrades
This extension may be referenced by the qualified name envoy.upstreams.http.http_protocol_options
HttpProtocolOptions specifies Http upstream protocol options. This object is used in typed_extension_protocol_options, keyed by the name envoy.extensions.upstreams.http.v3.HttpProtocolOptions.
This controls what protocol(s) should be used for upstream and how said protocol(s) are configured.
This replaces the prior pattern of explicit protocol configuration directly in the cluster. So a configuration like this, explicitly configuring the use of HTTP/2 upstream:
A Chart is a Helm package. It contains all of the resource definitions necessary to run an application, tool, or service inside of a Kubernetes cluster. Think of it like the Kubernetes equivalent of a Homebrew formula, an Apt dpkg, or a Yum RPM file.
wordpress/
Chart.yaml # A YAML file containing information about the chart
LICENSE # OPTIONAL: A plain text file containing the license for the chart
README.md # OPTIONAL: A human-readable README file
values.yaml # The default configuration values for this chart
values.schema.json # OPTIONAL: A JSON Schema for imposing a structure on the values.yaml file
charts/ # A directory containing any charts upon which this chart depends.
crds/ # Custom Resource Definitions
templates/ # A directory of templates that, when combined with values,
# will generate valid Kubernetes manifest files.
templates/NOTES.txt # OPTIONAL: A plain text file containing short usage notes
Pull:
Helm installs charts into Kubernetes, creating a new release for each installation. And to find new charts, you can search Helm chart repositories.
A Repository is the place where charts can be collected and shared. It’s like Perl’s CPAN archive or the Fedora Package Database, but for Kubernetes packages.
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$ helm search repo bitnami
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
bitnami/bitnami-common 0.0.9 0.0.9 DEPRECATED Chart with custom templates used in ...
bitnami/airflow 8.0.2 2.0.0 Apache Airflow is a platform to programmaticall...
bitnami/apache 8.2.3 2.4.46 Chart for Apache HTTP Server
bitnami/aspnet-core 1.2.3 3.1.9 ASP.NET Core is an open-source framework create...
A Chart is a Helm package. It contains all of the resource definitions necessary to run an application, tool, or service inside of a Kubernetes cluster. Think of it like the Kubernetes equivalent of a Homebrew formula, an Apt dpkg, or a Yum RPM file.
Helm installs resources in the following order:
Helm uses Go templates for templating your resource files. While Go ships several built-in functions, we have added many others.
First, we added all of the functions in the Sprig library, except env and expandenv, for security reasons.
We also added two special template functions: include and required. The include function allows you to bring in another template, and then pass the results to other template functions.
For example, this template snippet includes a template called mytpl, then lowercases the result, then wraps that in double quotes.
https://helm.sh/docs/intro/using_helm/#customizing-the-chart-before-installing
To see what options are configurable on a chart, use helm show values:
$ helm show values bitnami/wordpress
## Global Docker image parameters
## Please, note that this will override the image parameters, including dependencies, configured to use the global value
## Current available global Docker image parameters: imageRegistry and imagePullSecrets
##
# global:
# imageRegistry: myRegistryName
# imagePullSecrets:
# - myRegistryKeySecretName
# storageClass: myStorageClass
## Bitnami WordPress image version
## ref: https://hub.docker.com/r/bitnami/wordpress/tags/
##
image:
registry: docker.io
repository: bitnami/wordpress
tag: 5.6.0-debian-10-r35
[..]
You can then override any of these settings in a YAML formatted file, and then pass that file during installation.
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/services-networking/dns-pod-service/
A/AAAA records
“Normal” (not headless) Services are assigned a DNS A or AAAA record, depending on the IP family of the service, for a name of the form my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster-domain.example. This resolves to the cluster IP of the Service.
“Headless” (without a cluster IP) Services are also assigned a DNS A or AAAA record, depending on the IP family of the service, for a name of the form my-svc.my-namespace.svc.cluster-domain.example. Unlike normal Services, this resolves to the set of IPs of the pods selected by the Service. Clients are expected to consume the set or else use standard round-robin selection from the set.
Because Istio Telemetry V2 lacks a central component (Mixer) with access to K8s metadata, the proxies themselves require the metadata necessary to provide rich metrics. Additionally, features provided by Mixer had to be added to the Envoy proxies to replace the Mixer-based telemetry. Istio Telemetry V2 uses two custom Envoy plugins to achieve just that.
In-proxy service-level metrics in Telemetry V2 are provided by two custom plugins, metadata-exchange and stats.
https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/observability/metrics/tcp-metrics/
In this task, you used Istio configuration to automatically generate and report metrics for all traffic to a TCP service within the mesh. TCP Metrics for all active connections are recorded every 15s by default and this timer is configurable via tcpReportingDuration. Metrics for a connection are also recorded at the end of the connection.
Several TCP-specific attributes enable TCP policy and control within Istio. These attributes are generated by Envoy Proxies and obtained from Istio using Envoy’s Node Metadata. Envoy forwards Node Metadata to Peer Envoys using ALPN based tunneling and a prefix based protocol. We define a new protocol istio-peer-exchange, that is advertised and prioritized by the client and the server sidecars in the mesh. ALPN negotiation resolves the protocol to istio-peer-exchange for connections between Istio enabled proxies, but not between an Istio enabled proxy and any other proxy. This protocol extends TCP as follows:
https://istio.io/latest/docs/tasks/traffic-management/ingress/secure-ingress/
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